Thou [art] my battle axe [and] weapons of war: for with thee will I break in pieces the nations, and with thee will I destroy kingdoms. Jeremiah 51:20
The Israelites seldom listened to their prophets’ warnings to turn away from national conflict. Jeremiah vows angrily to turn the weapon of God’s law against the tribes and end their expansionist ambitions for good; war itself will be destroyed. World War I was described at the time as the war to end all wars, yet history has shown that we are no better than our forebears at heeding Jeremiah’s warning. Thomas Hardy, often dismissed as a stark pessimist by careless readers, follows Jeremiah’s thought in his poem ‘In Time of “The Breaking of Nations”’ (1915). War is not merely ineffective but in the scale of human existence merely irrelevant.
Yonder a maid and her wight*
Come whispering by:
War’s annals will cloud into night
Ere their story die. (Lines 9-12) *man
Monday 19 December 2011
Monday 12 December 2011
12th December 2011
It is a tribute to Gloucestershire born William Tyndale that nearly eighty per cent of the King James’ Bible originates from his 1525 Bible. Many of the expressions found in the King James’ Bible, for instance, fight the good fight, were coined by him. It also retained many of the older linguistic forms from Tyndale’s Bible, for example, the –eth verb ending and the pronoun ye, despite other texts of the early 1600s using the contemporary –s verb ending and you pronoun. The use of Tyndale’s language produced the King James’ Bible’s traditional and dignified style, which has endeared it to its readers for the last four hundred years.
For futher details, please see
Brake, Donald L. (2008) A Visual History of the English Bible The Tumultuous Tale of the World’s Best Selling Book. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.
Crystal, David (2010) Begat The King James’ Bible and the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crystal, David (2010) Evolving English One Language Many Voices. London: British Library.
Crystal, David (2003) The Cambridge Encylopedia of the English Language. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Metzger, Bruce M. (2001) The Bible in Translation Ancient and English Versions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
For futher details, please see
Brake, Donald L. (2008) A Visual History of the English Bible The Tumultuous Tale of the World’s Best Selling Book. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.
Crystal, David (2010) Begat The King James’ Bible and the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crystal, David (2010) Evolving English One Language Many Voices. London: British Library.
Crystal, David (2003) The Cambridge Encylopedia of the English Language. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Metzger, Bruce M. (2001) The Bible in Translation Ancient and English Versions. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
Tuesday 6 December 2011
6th December 2011
And Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage. And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from before Pharaoh. Genesis 47.9-10
Days seem like years for the old patriarch, and years like days. The longest life span is never enough and never adequate. Many years earlier God gave Jacob the name ‘Israel’ after a mysterious encounter with a being who wrestled with him until daybreak (Genesis 32: 24). Yet despite this divine confidence in him, Jacob knows that he did not achieve all he set out to do. It is tempting to remain in thrall to the past, to replicate the actions of our forebears, to expect the same of our inheritors. Jacob’s humility reminds us that we must accept what we inherit, act in the present, and go forward. Robert Browning puts Jacob’s wisdom to ironic use in ‘The Bishop Orders His Tomb’ (1845). The corrupt prelate plays his illegitimate sons off against each other as they gather around his deathbed hoping to inherit the old man’s wealth. ‘Evil and brief hath been my pilgrimage’, he remarks, before threatening to bequeath his villas to the Pope (line 101).
Days seem like years for the old patriarch, and years like days. The longest life span is never enough and never adequate. Many years earlier God gave Jacob the name ‘Israel’ after a mysterious encounter with a being who wrestled with him until daybreak (Genesis 32: 24). Yet despite this divine confidence in him, Jacob knows that he did not achieve all he set out to do. It is tempting to remain in thrall to the past, to replicate the actions of our forebears, to expect the same of our inheritors. Jacob’s humility reminds us that we must accept what we inherit, act in the present, and go forward. Robert Browning puts Jacob’s wisdom to ironic use in ‘The Bishop Orders His Tomb’ (1845). The corrupt prelate plays his illegitimate sons off against each other as they gather around his deathbed hoping to inherit the old man’s wealth. ‘Evil and brief hath been my pilgrimage’, he remarks, before threatening to bequeath his villas to the Pope (line 101).
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